Chemistry High School
Answers
Answer 1
The quantum numbers and names of the orbitals in the n=4 principal level are 4s, 4p, 4d, and 4f.
The quantum numbers are the numbers that identify each orbital in an atom. The names of the orbitals are determined by the values of the quantum numbers. For the n=4 principal level, there are a total of 16 orbitals.
Here is a breakdown of the orbitals in the n=4 principal level:
- 4s: This orbital has a principal quantum number (n) of 4 and an angular momentum quantum number (l) of 0. There is only one 4s orbital.
- 4p: This orbital has a principal quantum number (n) of 4 and an angular momentum quantum number (l) of 1. There are three 4p orbitals.
- 4d: This orbital has a principal quantum number (n) of 4 and an angular momentum quantum number (l) of 2. There are five 4d orbitals.
- 4f: This orbital has a principal quantum number (n) of 4 and an angular momentum quantum number (l) of 3. There are seven 4f orbitals.
Therefore, there are a total of 16 orbitals in the n=4 principal level (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 16).
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Related Questions
Which neutral atom is isoelectronic with F+
Answers
An ion is said to be isoelectronic with an atom or ion if they have the same number of electrons or electron configuration.
F+ is a cation of fluorine, which means it has lost one electron from the neutral fluorine atom. The neutral atom of fluorine has nine electrons and the electron configuration of [He] 2s2 2p5.
To find an atom that is isoelectronic with F+, we need to look for an atom or ion that also has 8 electrons and the same electron configuration.
One example of an atom that is isoelectronic with F+ is Ne (neon). Neon has 10 electrons and the electron configuration of [He] 2s2 2p6. If one electron is removed from neon, it becomes isoelectronic with F+ and has the same electron configuration as F+ of [He] 2s2 2p5.
Therefore, the neutral atom that is isoelectronic with F+ is Ne.
Phosphorous reacts with chlorine gas to give a colourless liquid, which fumes in moist air to produce HCl and.
A.POCl3
B.H3PO3
C.PH3
D.H3PO4
Answers
Phosphorous reacts with chlorine gas to give a colorless liquid, which fumes in moist air to produce HCl and POCl3. The correct answer is A.
When phosphorous reacts with chlorine gas, it produces phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), a colorless liquid that fumes in moist air to produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
The reaction can be represented by the following chemical equation:
P + 3Cl2 → POCl3
In this reaction, phosphorous (P) combines with chlorine gas (Cl2) to form phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3).
Therefore, the correct answer is A. POCl3.
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Record all observations you made during the experiment. This should include if all of the benzophenone was transferred into the tube. Was anything unusual noticed during the melting? was all of the unknown added to the tube? was any stuck on the wire or thermometer? did all of the unknown melt? were there problems with mixing? did anything unusual happen - darkening, bubbling - during the melting of the unknown?
Answers
Observations made during the experiment include checking if all of the benzophenone was transferred into the tube, noting any unusual occurrences during the melting process,
ensuring that all of the unknown was added to the tube and not stuck on the wire or thermometer, monitoring the melting of the unknown, checking for problems with mixing, and noting any unusual darkening or bubbling that occurred during the melting of the unknown.
Scientific experiments must include observations because they help researchers gather information and spot patterns or trends in their findings. The experiment in this instance was centred on observing how the benzophenone and the unknown material behaved while being heated and melted in a test tube. The melting points, solubility, and chemical reactivity of these substances, as well as other characteristics, can all be learned from these observations. In order to interpret their findings and make judgements regarding the behaviour of the substances under study, researchers must meticulously record their observations. They can then utilise this knowledge to improve their experiments or come up with fresh theories regarding the characteristics of matter.
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an isotope of strontium has 38 protons and 52 neutrons. what is the nuclide symbol for an atom of this isotope?
Answers
The nuclide symbol for an atom of strontium isotope that has 38 protons and 52 neutrons is 90Sr.
The number of protons in an atom is also known as the atomic number, and is represented by the symbol Z. The number of neutrons in an atom is represented by the symbol N. The sum of the atomic number and the number of neutrons is known as the mass number, and is represented by the symbol A. Therefore, A = Z + N. In this case, the atomic number of strontium is 38, and the number of neutrons is 52.
Therefore, the mass number of this isotope of strontium is A = 38 + 52 = 90.The nuclide symbol for an atom is written as AX, where A is the mass number and X is the chemical symbol for the element. Therefore, the nuclide symbol for an atom of this isotope of strontium is 90Sr.
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What is the pressure (in atm) in a tube containing water measuring 3000 cm H20?A. 3.95 atmB. 290 atmC. 1.00 atmD. 2,280,000 atm
Answers
To convert cm H2O to atm, we can use the conversion factor:
1 atm = 76 cm H2O
Therefore:
Pressure in atm = (3000 cm H2O) / (76 cm H2O/atm) = 39.47 atm
Rounding to two significant figures, the answer is:
A. 3.95 atm
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How many atoms of carbon are found in the equation below?
H₂O + CH₄
Answers
Answer:
1 carbon atom
Explanation:
Describe what is happening in EACH equation.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The chlorine is reacting with ozone to form oxygen gas and chlorine oxide.
then chlorine oxide is reacting with oxygen to form oxygen gas and chlorine (gas?).
and the bottom is the forming of oxygen gas form ozone.
This whole thing is showing you why there is global warming. The ozone helps us to block the rays of the sun, but the formation of the ozone is slowed down done to the reaction with chlorine.
what is the IUPAC name to this structure?
Answers
1-methoxyethane
I think that's the answer
which is stronger, the c5o bond in an ester (1735 cm21) or the c5o bond in a saturated ketone (1715 cm21)? explain.
Answers
The C=O bond in an ester (1735 cm-1) is stronger than the C=O bond in a saturated ketone (1715 cm-1).
The ester has a stronger bond due to resonance. The double bond in an ester is able to resonate between the oxygen atoms, which strengthens the bond.
In a saturated ketone, there is no resonance, so the bond is weaker.
Additionally, the ester has two oxygen atoms, which are more electronegative than the carbon atom in a ketone. This further strengthens the bond in an ester.
Therefore, the C=O bond in an ester is stronger than the C=O bond in a saturated ketone.
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if the heat of formation for co2 is −393.5kjmol, what is the change in enthalpy when 5.00 g of co2 are formed?
Answers
The change in enthalpy when 5.00 g of CO2 is formed is -44.67 kJ. This means that the process of forming 5.00 g of CO2 from its constituent elements releases 44.67 kJ of heat.
The change in enthalpy when 5.00 g of CO2 are formed can be calculated using the following formula:
ΔH = n × ΔHf
where ΔH is the change in enthalpy, n is the number of moles of CO2 formed, and ΔHf is the heat of formation of CO2.
To determine the number of moles of CO2, we first need to convert the mass of CO2 into moles. CO2 has a molar mass of about 44.01 g/mol. As a result, the amount of CO2 in moles is:
n = mass/molar mass = 5.00 g/44.01 g/mol = 0.1135 mol
Substituting the value of n and the given value of ΔHf = -393.5 kJ/mol, we get:
ΔH = 0.1135 mol × (-393.5 kJ/mol) = -44.67 kJ
Therefore, the change in enthalpy when 5.00 g of CO2 are formed is -44.67 kJ.
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37.6 g of ammonium sulfate, (nh4)2so4, is added to 105. g of water. will the salt dissolve completely and, if so, will the solution be saturated or unsaturated? the solubility of (nh4)2so4 is 5.79 m.
Answers
Yes, the ammonium sulfate will dissolve completely in the water, and the solution will be unsaturated.
This is because the solubility of ammonium sulfate is 5.79 M, which means that 5.79 moles of ammonium sulfate can dissolve in 1 liter of water. The amount of ammonium sulfate added to the water is 37.6 g, which is equivalent to 0.28 moles. The amount of water is 105 g, which is equivalent to 0.105 liters. Therefore, the concentration of the solution is 0.28 moles / 0.105 liters = 2.67 M, which is less than the solubility of ammonium sulfate. This means that the solution is unsaturated and can still dissolve more ammonium sulfate.
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An assay is useful for what during protein purification? a isolating a protein from other proteins in a sample b determining the primary sequence of a protein in a sample c detecting a protein in a sample d modifying a protein in a sample
Answers
An assay is useful when detecting a protein in a sample. The correct answer is c.
An assay is a laboratory technique used to detect the presence or quantity of a substance in a sample. In the context of protein purification, assays are used to monitor the progress of the purification process and to determine whether the desired protein has been successfully isolated from other proteins in the sample.
Protein purification typically involves several steps, including cell lysis, clarification, chromatography, and concentration. Throughout the process, assays are used to monitor the purity and activity of the target protein. For example, a colorimetric assay might be used to detect the presence of an enzyme in a sample, or a Western blot might be used to confirm the presence of a specific protein.
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When a solution of cesium chloride (CsCI) is subjected to high-speed centrifugation, a stable density gradient is formed. Meselson and Stahl found that when cell contents were subjected to centrifugation with a CsCI solution, a band of DNAformed at the CsCI density that matched the density of the DNA.This technique is called density-gradient centrifugation. (T/F)
Answers
The statement "This technique is called density-gradient centrifugation" is true.
In this technique, a solution of cesium chloride (CsCl) is prepared with a density gradient. The solution is then centrifuged at high speed to create a stable density gradient within the tube or centrifuge rotor.
When a mixture of biological molecules is added to the top of the gradient, the molecules will migrate down the tube or rotor and eventually settle at the point in the gradient where their density matches that of the surrounding solution.
Meselson and Stahl used density-gradient centrifugation to separate DNA molecules based on their density. They grew bacteria in a medium containing a heavy isotope of nitrogen (15N) and then transferred the bacteria to a medium containing a lighter isotope of nitrogen (14N).
They then isolated the DNA from the bacteria at various time points after the transfer and subjected it to density-gradient centrifugation using CsCl.
They found that the DNA isolated from bacteria grown in 15N had a higher density than the DNA isolated from bacteria grown in 14N.
This allowed them to demonstrate the semiconservative mechanism of DNA replication, where each newly synthesized DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one newly synthesized strand.
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how many non-bonding electron pairs are on the central atom in SF5- ?
1. 1
2. 0
3. 4
4. 2
5. 3
Answers
There is 1 non-bonding electron pair on the central atom in SF5-.
How to calculate the number of non-bonding electron pairs on the central atom
To determine the number of non-bonding electron pairs on the central atom, we can use the Lewis structure of SF5-. The Lewis structure shows the arrangement of atoms and the distribution of electrons in a molecule.
In the Lewis structure of SF5-, the central atom is sulfur (S), and it is bonded to five fluorine (F) atoms. The sulfur atom has six valence electrons, and each fluorine atom has seven valence electrons.
The sulfur atom forms five single bonds with the fluorine atoms, using ten of its valence electrons. This leaves two valence electrons on the sulfur atom, which form one non-bonding electron pair.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1.
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what electrons does nad transport
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The two electrons does the NAD transport. Due to the chemical structure, each of the molecule of NAD+ can accept the two electrons.
The one role of the NAD+ is that to initiate the electron transport chain through the reaction with the organic metabolite that is the intermediate in the metabolic reactions. This is called as the oxidation reaction in which the 2 hydrogen atoms or the 2 hydrogen ions and the 2 electrons will be removed from the organic metabolite.
In the each of the enzymatic reactions, the NAD+ will accepts the two electrons and the H+ from the ethanol to form the NADH.
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how much naoh is required to completely neutralize 5l of 0.1 m h2so4? or 5l of 0.1 m hcl?
Answers
a. To completely neutralize 5L of 0.1M [tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex], 0.5 mol of NaOH is required.
b. To completely neutralize 5L of 0.1M HCl, 0.2 mol of NaOH is required.
To cаlculаte this, we need to remember thаt in а neutrаlizаtion reаction, the number of moles of аcid аnd bаse must be equаl. The equаtion for this is:
Аcid + Bаse → Sаlt + Wаter
We cаn аlso use the molаrity formulа, which is molаrity (M) = moles of solute/liters of solution.
Therefore, the moles of [tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex] = 0.1 x 5 = 0.5 mol аnd the moles of HCl = 0.1 x 5 = 0.2 mol. To neutrаlize these аmounts, the moles of NаOH should be equаl to 0.5 mol аnd 0.2 mol, respectively.
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if the temperature rises to 22 °c, what will the new kinetic energy per molecule be?
Answers
The new kinetic energy per molecule at a temperature of 22 °C is approximately 6.56 x 10^-21 J.
Kave = (3/2) kT
To solve this problem, we can first convert the given temperature of 11 °C to Kelvin:
T1 = 11 °C + 273.15 = 284.15 K
Kave1 = (3/2) kT1
Next, we can calculate the new kinetic energy per molecule at a temperature of 22 °C:
T2 = 22 °C + 273.15 = 295.15 K
Kave2 = (3/2) kT2
Kave2 = (3/2) kT2 = (3/2) (1.38 x 10^-23 J/K) (295.15 K) ≈ 6.56 x 10^-21 J
A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that retains its chemical and physical properties. It is formed by the combination of two or more atoms, which are held together by chemical bonds. Molecules can be made up of atoms of the same element or different elements, and their properties depend on the type and arrangement of atoms within the molecule.
Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds between molecules, and the study of molecules is essential in understanding chemical reactions and the behavior of matter. Molecules can be classified based on their shape, size, and chemical properties, and this classification helps in predicting their behavior under different conditions. Molecules are the building blocks of all matter, and their interactions with other molecules determine the properties and behavior of matter at the macroscopic level.
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Complete Question:
At 11 °C, the kinetic energy per molecule in a room is Kave.
A) If the temperature rises to 22 °C, what will the new kinetic energy per molecule be?
what is the IUPAC name to this structure?
Answers
I think that's dimethyl sulfide
Would fractional distillation be a good method to separate hexane (bp 69oc) from octane (bp 126 oc)? why or why not?
Answers
Yes, fractional distillation would be a good method to separate hexane (bp 69°C) from octane (bp 126°C). This is because fractional distillation is a method used to separate two or more liquids with different boiling points.
In this case, hexane has a boiling point of 69°C and octane has a boiling point of 126°C. During fractional distillation, the mixture is heated until one of the liquids reaches its boiling point and begins to vaporize. The vapor is then collected and condensed back into a liquid, effectively separating it from the other liquid in the mixture.
Since hexane has a lower boiling point than octane, it will vaporize first and can be collected and condensed separately from the octane. This allows for the effective separation of the two liquids.
In conclusion, fractional distillation is a good method to separate hexane from octane due to their different boiling points.
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The concentration of nitrogen in water at 25 degrees Celsius was determined to be 7.2×10−6 M. Calculate the partial pressure of nitrogen at the surface of the water in mmHg. The Henry's law constant for nitrogen gas at 25 degrees Celsius is 6.8×10−4 mol/L⋅atm.
Answers
The partial pressure of nitrogen at the surface of the water is 3.72×10⁻⁷ mmHg.
Henry's law relates the concentration of a gas in a liquid to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid. At a given temperature, the Henry's law constant is the proportionality constant between the concentration of the gas in the liquid and its partial pressure. Mathematically, we can write: p = kH × c
where p is the partial pressure of the gas, c is its concentration in the liquid, and kH is the Henry's law constant.
In this problem, we are given the concentration of nitrogen in water, c = 7.2×10⁻⁶ M, and the Henry's law constant for nitrogen gas at 25 degrees Celsius, kH = 6.8×10⁻⁴ mol/L⋅atm. We need to calculate the partial pressure of nitrogen at the surface of the water, p.
p = kH ₓ c
Substituting the given values, we get:
p = (6.8×10−4 mol/L⋅atm) × (7.2×10⁻⁶ M)
p = 4.896×10⁻¹⁰ atm
To convert this pressure to mmHg, we can use the conversion factor:
1 atm = 760 mmHg
So:
p = (4.896×10⁻¹⁰ atm) × (760 mmHg/atm)
p = 3.72×10⁻⁷ mmHg
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Explain how you could distinguish between cis-M(CO)2X2 and trans-M(CO)2X2 by using information from the CO stretching region of IR spectra. Include in your answer a derivation of the number of CO modes for each molecule. [Need to study these type of questions for exam]
Answers
The number and intensity of CO stretching modes in the IR spectra can be used to distinguish between cis-M(CO)2X2 and trans-M(CO)2X2.
The IR spectra of molecules can offer precious records about their systems. Especially, the CO stretching location of the IR spectra is informative for distinguishing between cis-M(CO)2X2 and trans-M(CO)2X2.
Every CO ligand inside the molecule contributes one stretching mode to the IR spectrum. For cis-M(CO)2X2, there are two feasible preparations of the CO ligands: cis-association, where the CO ligands are on the equal aspect of the molecule, and trans-arrangement, where the CO ligands are on opposite sides of the molecule.
The cis-arrangement will result in a symmetric CO stretching mode and an uneven CO stretching mode. Then again, the trans-arrangement will result in degenerate symmetric CO stretching modes and degenerate uneven CO stretching modes.
Therefore, with the aid of reading the wide variety and intensity of the CO stretching modes inside the IR spectra, one could distinguish between cis-M(CO)2X2 and trans-M(CO)2X2.
Particularly, cis-M(CO)2X2 will show off CO stretching modes with exclusive frequencies and intensities, at the same time as trans-M(CO)2X2 will show 4 CO stretching modes with the same frequency and intensity.
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In the Cobalt Coordination Complex: Ammonia Analysis lab, what should be done if some of the boric acid solution does back flow into the filter flask containing the cobalt complex?
Answers
If some of the boric acid solutions do backflow into the filter flask containing the cobalt complex during the Cobalt Coordination Complex
Ammonia Analysis lab, the solution should be discarded and the procedure should be started again from the beginning. Cobalt coordination complexes are chemical compounds that consist of a central cobalt ion surrounded by a group of ligands that are coordinated to the cobalt ion through their electron-donating atoms or groups.
This is because the backflow of the boric acid solution can contaminate the cobalt complex and affect the results of the analysis. It is important to ensure that all solutions and equipment are properly set up and handled to prevent any contamination or errors during the experiment.
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Calculate the molarity of 88.97 grams of NaCl in 10 liters of solution.
Answers
The molarity of 88.97 grams of NaCl in 10 liters of solution is 0.152 M.
What is the molarity?
To calculate the molarity of a solution, we need to divide the moles of solute by the volume of solution in liters.
First, let's find the number of moles of NaCl:
Molecular mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol
Number of moles of NaCl = mass of NaCl / molecular mass of NaCl
Number of moles of NaCl = 88.97 g / 58.5 g/mol
Number of moles of NaCl = 1.52 mol
Now, we can calculate the molarity:
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters
Molarity (M) = 1.52 mol / 10 L
Molarity (M) = 0.152 M
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Why are melting points reported as a range of temperatures instead of a specific temperature? a Several melting points are averaged and given as a final average value b Substances never show the same melting points. So multiple melting points are used to show this behavior. c Melting points are measured by determining when melting first begins and when the compound is finally fully melted. Thus a range is reported as melting point d Originally scientists started reporting as a range so there is no need to change this approach.
Answers
The melting points reported as a range of temperatures instead of a specific temperature because c: Melting points are measured by determining when melting first begins and when the compound is finally fully melted. Thus a range is reported as melting point.
Melting points are reported as a range of temperatures because the process of melting does not occur at a specific temperature, but rather over a range of temperatures. The initial temperature at which melting begins is known as the onset temperature, and the temperature at which the substance is fully melted is known as the clear point. The difference between these two temperatures is known as the melting range. Reporting the melting point as a range provides a more accurate representation of the melting process and can also provide insight into the purity of the substance, as pure substances typically have a smaller melting range.
In summary, melting points are reported as a range of temperatures because the melting process occurs over a range of temperatures, from the onset temperature to the clear point.
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whats the mass in grams of 1 mole of water.
Answers
he mass of one mole of water =18 grams
An area of the Sun that seems much brighter than the area around it is
called:
A. Solar winds
B. Sunspots
C. Solar flares
D. Electromagnetic radiation
Answers
A solar flare is a powerful radiation flash caused by the release of magnetic energy from a sunspot. The greatest explosive occurrences in our solar system are flares.
What do the Sun's solar flares entail?
A quick explosion of energy known as a solar flare is brought on by the tangling, crossing, or reorganization of magnetic field lines close to sunspots. There is a lot of activity on the Sun's surface. It contains electrically charged gases that produce strong magnetic fields in some regions. Magnetic fields are the name for these regions.
Why does solar wind occur?
The expansion of plasma—a clump of charged particles—from the Sun's corona produces the solar wind (outermost atmosphere)
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How many photons are required for the liquid to absorb 34.86 J of heat?A liquid is exposed to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 6.86×10−4 cm. Assume that all the radiation is absorbed and converted to heat. How many photons are required for the liquid to absorb 34.86 J of heat?
Answers
We can use the equation E = hν to relate the energy of a single photon (E) to its frequency (ν), where h is Planck's constant (6.626 × 10^-34 J·s). We can then use the relationship between frequency and wavelength (c = νλ, where c is the speed of light) to find the frequency of the radiation.
E = hν
ν = c/λ
Substituting the expression for frequency into the first equation:
E = hc/λ
We can use this expression to calculate the energy per photon of the infrared radiation:
E = (6.626 × 10^-34 J·s)(3.00 × 10^8 m/s)/(6.86 × 10^-4 m)
E = 1.83 × 10^-19 J
Now we can use the energy per photon to find the number of photons required to absorb 34.86 J of heat:
Number of photons = Energy absorbed / Energy per photon
Number of photons = 34.86 J / (1.83 × 10^-19 J)
Number of photons = 1.91 × 10^20 photons
Therefore, approximately 1.91 × 10^20 photons are required for the liquid to absorb 34.86 J of heat from the infrared radiation with a wavelength of 6.86×10−4 cm.
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Of the following combinations of compounds
and names, the one which is incorrect is
1. K2S : dipotassium sulfide
2. LiBr : lithium bromide
3. Cu2O : copper(I) oxide
4. SO2 : sulfur dioxide
5. N2O5 : dinitrogen pentoxide
Answers
The combination of compounds and names' correct answer is option 1. K2S: dipotassium sulfide.
The combination of compounds and names that is incorrect is 1. K2S: dipotassium sulfide. The correct name for K2S is potassium sulfide. The prefix "di-" is used to indicate that there are two of the same element in a compound, but in this case, there are two potassium atoms, not two sulfur atoms. Therefore, the correct name for this compound is simply potassium sulfide.
The other combinations of compounds and names are correct:
2. LiBr: lithium bromide
3. Cu2O : copper(I) oxide
4. SO2 : sulfur dioxide
5. N2O5: dinitrogen pentoxide
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) What is the pH of 0.001 M LiOH?
Answers
The pH of 0.001 M LiOH is 11.
What is pH?
pH is negative logarithm of concentration of H⁺ ions. pH is a scale that has a range of 0 to 14. 0 to 6 range represents acidic solution whereas 8 to 14 range represents basic solution. 7 value of pH represents neutral solution.
pH is very useful for our daily life. There must be a balanced pH for the water we drink or in our blood or in our surrounding air or soil etc.
It can be represented as-
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = 14 - pOH
Given,
Concentration of LiOH = [OH] = 0.001 M
pOH = -log[0.001] = 3
Hence, pH = 14 - 3 = 11
Therefore, the pH of 0.001 M LiOH is 11.
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What is the percent composition of CuNO, in a solution if 49.5 grams CuNO3 is dissolved in 245 g water ?What is the percent composition of CuNOs in a solution if 49.5 grams CuNOz is dissolved in 245 g water?
Answers
The percentage composition of CuNO₃ in the solution, given that 49.5 grams CuNO₃ is dissolved in 245 g water, is 16.8%
How do I determine the percentage of CuNO₃ in the solution?
The percentage composition solute in a solution can be obtained by using the following formula:
Percentage = (mass of solute / mass of solution) × 100
With the above formula, we shall determine the percentage of CuNO₃ in the solution as illustrated below:
Mass of CuNO₃ = 49.5 gramsMass of water = 245 gramsMass of solution = Mass of CuNO₃ + mass of water = 49.5 + 245 = 294.5 gramsPercentage of CuNO₃ =?
Percentage = (mass of CuNO₃ / mass of solution) × 100
Percentage of CuNO₃ = (49.5 / 294.5) × 100
Percentage of CuNO₃ = 16.8%
Thus, we can conclude that the percentage of the CuNO₃ is 16.8%
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